TAMING THE DRAGON

China has recently overtaken Japan as the world’s second biggest economy of the world. At five trillion dollars plus it is almost four times the size of the Indian economy ($1.25 trillion), and increasing at a higher rate 9.5%, compared to 8.5% of India. In an ideal world this should be a welcome step, considering the fact that after several centuries of humiliating poverty and colonized living, Asia is remerging as the growth engine of the world. But, the opaqueness of the Beijing administration in all aspects of governance, and the arbitrary manner in which it's treating its counterparts in the world, has led several countries to question the real intentions of the Chinese Dragon.


On the one hand China is approaching India with friendly gestures and holding regular bilateral talks on several boundaries and trade related issues, even on the multilateral forums like W.T.O and climate summits, both countries are working in tandem with each other. But, when it comes to Arunachal Pradesh and giving tacit support to Pakistan, China rarely leaves a chance to humiliate India. One wonders the reasons of China’s Arunachal obsession, and the equally naïve and clichéd reaction from New Delhi that “Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of India”.


By saying this, India looks rather apologetic, as if holding something which is not hers. On the other hand, China is knocking at the Arunachal Pradesh, practicing what it preaches, and working on bringing its rail link right up to Nyangtri, located on the border with Arunachal Pradesh. 
"The building of the railway to this area is significant because of two reasons: China has unveiled plans to construct there the world's largest dam which will be more than twice bigger than Three Gorges Dam, now the world's largest dam, and also because it will strengthen China's rapid military deployment capability in the eastern (Arunachal) sector," said strategic affairs analyst Brahma Chellaney.


Instead of defending which is integral, India should attack China where it hurts the most. When China can claim Arunachal as its own part, one wonders what led India to accept Tibet as a part of China. Why can’t India be more forthright in its vision when it comes to defending its strategic interests?


A power like China can’t be cajoled by dangling the baits of bilateral trade relations; it can only be tamed through an equally impressive show of military might and a bold and clear approach when it comes to foreign policies. For the uninitiated it’s a fact that china has settled all its border disputes with Russia. One wonders why?
http://www.chinaembassy.org.in/eng/zgbd/t198465.htm

FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE, FRIENDSHIP AND THE MOTHER OF ALL DEFENSE DEALS

In a move aimed towards countering the burgeoning threat coming from the eastern sector, in the form of increasingly expanding China. Defense minister A.K. Antony announced the biggest ever defense deal of the country, in the form of the purchase and co production of 250-300 fifth generation fighter aircraft (FGFA) as well as 45 multi role transport aircrafts from Russia. "These are the two major projects for the next 10 years which will be a shining example of Indian-Russian cooperation." Antony said.

This deal came shortly after the announcement of the final selection round of the multi role combat aircraft (MMRCA) which is slated somewhere in the mid 2011. Arrival of these 150-200 multi role fighter aircrafts, along with the development and co production of fifth generation fighter aircraft, widely touted to be even better in certain parameters than the USAF’S f-22 raptor; currently the only fifth generation fighter aircraft, will certainly add more muscle to the fast dwindling air dominance of the Indian air force.

Like the successfully co-developed supersonic cruise missile BRAHMOS, with Russia. The best part of this deal is the fact that India and Russia will jointly make these highly advanced fighter planes at the HAL (Hindustan aeronautics limited) facility, according to the Indian specifications. This will give Indian defense manufacturing sector a unique opportunity to co- develop and also learn how to make these sophisticated war machines. After the not so successful track record of defense PSU’s(public sector undertakings)
http://www.8ak.in/8ak_india_defence_news/2010/02/lca-project-infused-with-fresh-rs-8000-crore-funding.html

 like DRDO and HAL.this move should be taken as a positive step towards self reliance, in terms of defense production
http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4866205&c=ASI&s=TOP

WHERE THE STREETS HAVE NO BEGGARS

In a bid to look good people often apply beauty products available in the market. After applying these products, if they still feel lacking in some areas, then they resort to desperate measures like cosmetic and laser surgeries. But, have you ever heard about what an Indian politician does when he has to put up a beautiful face of the city ?
He simply makes the people who can't afford to be beautiful like others, thrown out of his territory without any notice.

In a dramatic revelation, it has been confirmed through various sources that the reasons of a sudden change in the streets of Delhi in the form of clean and crowd free pathways are not very fundamental, but the fact that most of the footpath dwellers, beggars, hawkers were being packed out of the city in a mater of few weekss. This is to present  a more beautiful and poverty less face of India to the world at large, which would be staring at us for 15 long days.


Sanjay Kumar of Akshay Adhikar Abhiyan, an NGO that works for the destitute in the capital says
"We have information that many beggars were loaded into trucks and sent out side the city with a warning not to return before the completion of the Games,"

Kalmady and his ilks might have just silenced the world at large, by brushing all the negativity and broken footbridge’s rubble under the carpet of an enthralling grand opening ceremony, but the deeds of the man are refusing to cease, and skeletons after skeletons are tumbling out of his cupboard.

“These evictions are carried out under the guise of city beautification and urban renewal measures. First they wanted to criminalize poor people and then make them invisible," says Singh of IGSSS.

http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/04/slide-show-1-where-have-the-beggars-in-delhi-gone.htmIn

INDIAN RELIGIONS-Jokes, quotes and fortune cookies

“religion does matter but not more than humanity”, “Religion and society exist because we exist and not the other way round'' or sometimes more politically correct ones like "I respect sentiments but there's a thin line that separates hooliganism and devoutness which extremists should understand”

As the country veers towards the fire of communalism, good hearted urban middle class people, to overcome their fears and anxiety tend to come up with a good show of solidarity and oneness. But somewhere in our minds we always prey for the mandir(temple) to be built first, or see the things through the prism of us vs. them.

Forget about states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar or Gujarat, haven't we heard about sardarji(Sikhs) and Muslim jokes in Delhi itself. It happens so unconsciously that we don't realize the fact that by doing this we are typecasting the others and making a space for the communalism to seep in.

My question is when urban middle and upper middle class students, even after studying in secular schools are prone to prejudice and typecasting ,then what can we expect from the other parts of India ,the so called rural Bharat. I am not saying that making Jokes on minorities are related to communalism but they surely show the tendency of typecasting the others, and there is a very thin line between jokes and deliberate attempt to deride someone.

“The road to Auschwitz was built by hate, but paved with indifference”-Ian kershaw

POLITICS OF RELIGION

Most of the harmful things which we see today(dynamite, nuclear bombs etc) were discovered with noble intentions, i.e. to serve the humanity, but later on they turned out to be the biggest threats for the existence of the humanity itself. Same is the case with religion.

By saying "banning religion from public sphere" I am not saying to ban the religion itself but like some countries of Europe, most notably France, we should make a clear distinction between the roles of the state in religious matters. It means the government shouldn't have anything related with any religion or sect. (Scrapping of hajj subsidy is one example).

India is a secular nation but here the notion of secularism is different from the classical one (originally if a nation says that it is secular than it is assumed that the government of that country should not interfere or propagate any religious activities, there is a clear separation between religion and politics but in Indian secularism, the line which divides religion from politics is missing. On the contrary the government is suppose to treat all the religions equally) I hope this definition of Indian secularism explains a lot what I meant “public sphere”.

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularism_in_India


Indian government in the name of social welfare has in fact made itself ubiquitous, all pervasive, indispensable and unputdownable in all spheres of a person’s life, let alone religion and in the race of appeasing one particular community the politicians can easily pull the rug from under the other’s feet.

SLUMDOGS AND MILLIONAIRES

Shabana azmi is one of the most eminent citizen and actor of our country, who is known to have taken up causes ,especially of the poor and down trodden. But, recently on her 60th birthday she and her husband, famous script writer and lyricist javed akhtar chose to do an act ,which could perhaps open the debate of how do these bollywood people really care about the people which they always pretend .

On the birthday party attended by the who's who of bollywood , She cut a cake which looked like a slum house with an open drain flowing nearby. Creative people are known to do things which doesn't always suit the sensibilities of common people, although they are in their right to express their creativity in the form of freedom of expressions but certain acts which make a mockery of the life style of a section of people(surprisingly70%) can't be brushed aside under the garb of privacy and freedom of expression. The fact that these very celebrities cry hoarse in front of t.v. cameras and news channels about how much do they care about the common people of this country, once off camera these very people become an object of scorn,contempt and sometimes ridicule for them.

Sometimes back during the release of the movie slumdog millionaire, megastar Amitabh bacchan had criticised the movie director for portraying a negative image of our country. But couple of years fast forward and the same messiah of indian culture and middle class values was seen having the same cake from the hands of shabana azmi with a gleefull smile and smugness fit for a corrupt politician.
Maybe they are bored of playing the role of mother teresa and gandhi and want more variety.

http://sreeandramesh.instablogs.com/entry/shabana-azmis-birthday-cake-creates-controversy/

THE GHOST OF AYODHYA IS BACK

The ghost of ayodhya is looming over the country once again. The Supreme Court has ordered the Allahabad High Court to delay a potentially explosive verdict on the Ayodhya -babri masjid demolition case by 30 September. The long pending Ayodhya case is about the ownership of the Ayodhya land to which Hindus and Muslims have been making rival claims over past 125 yrs.

The Babri Masjid (the 16th century mosque in U.P. state) was demolished on December 6, 1992, by karsevaks and right-wing extremists who claiming it as the Ram Janmabhoomi site. And this had triggered worst religious riots since partition in 1947, and some 2,000 people died.

Amidst the uncertainty over the verdict a faint ray of hope has been shown by the Supreme Court, when it gave a week’s time to the opposing parties to come up with a settlement through informal parley. I think this is an excellent time in front of our country and the concerned parties of this case to use it to think out of the box and out of their narrow personal or religious gains.

I know it would be very difficult for any one of the community to loose this case and how they show their disappointment could be potentially fatal for the communal harmony of this country. So to protect our country from plunging into a cycle of madness , I suggest we should look towards New York, Where at the place of ground zero the government is proposing to build an inter faith mosque. Although majority of the Americans are opposed of this project mainly because of it being mostly a mosque, but, we can still take a leaf out of their book and build something acceptable to both the community and the country at large.

It could be a hospital, school, a memorial or a park. By doing this we will present a picture to the whole world of a mature and healthy democratic India, which can handle its internal contradictions through meaningful dialog.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-lifts-stay-Ayodhya-verdict-on-Sept-30/articleshow/6641574.cms

COMMON WEALTH GAMES- A LEARNING EXPERIENCE

We have been listening about the delays in our preparedness for the common wealth games since last year, but we never imagined even in our wildest of dream that up until the last day we would still be staring towards the skies, hoping for a miracle to happen or wishing if the morning newspaper doesn’t have a headline writing CWG with kalmady’s face on it.

It’s just not the matter of timely preparedness of our stadiums and infrastructure or the hygiene standards of games village. Its about image, it’s about what message we are giving to the world at large. This is the time when the whole country is under the spotlight, this is the time when the execution of our promises made to the world has to be done, but, what exactly are we doing?

The statement of our sports minister M.s. Gill “ the preparation of these games are like the wedding of an Indian daughter, it all looks messy in the beginning but as the date approaches every one gears up and ultimately everything goes well” does give an insight of the typical Indian mindset or the Indian government’s mindset at least.

In the fast changing dynamic and interconnected world where precision is the norm and time is considered to be the most precious asset, the whole rigmarole of this episode does make a mockery of these universally accepted global norms. Not able to put up a better show is one thing but not able to put up a better show despite having all it takes at your disposable and spending at least 5 times more of what an average game of this magnitude would have cost, there were never any room for excuses.

I am still very sure that the games will go well, that India will bag the second highest if not the highest gold medals and the same leaders who are hiding their faces from public now, will again resurface with newfound zeal and make a song about how they are responsible for all these great achievements and soon this ugly episode of delay will be brushed under the carpet of time, because public memory is too short and they want to live in the make believe world.

But that would be a real backward step, it’s not about creating an inquiry commission, it’s actually about the masses to wake up and take notice of how people play with sentiments and public money with equal ease. We should take this episode as a learning curb and vow to improve our and our leader’s standards as well.

http://upcoming.current.com/search?q=Commonwealth+Games+footbridge+collapses+leaving+23+injured

INDIA BUILDING, BHARAT RISING

In the latest data released by income tax department small tier-2 and 3 cities have overtaken the traditional powerhouses like Delhi, Mumbai and kolkata in terms of income tax collections.
Small cities of states known to be slow on development and growth like patna, merrut, Kanpur and lucknow have surprisingly shown income tax collection figures of as much as 91 to 95% growth in 2009-10. Delhi and Mumbai on the other hand have grown in the range of only 4 to 6 percent in this period


 This is a welcome new development from multiple points of view. First it shows that the metro cities have reached their saturation in terms of further growth and for future growth  companies have to look for these tier-2 and 3 cities.It’s a known fact that metro cities have been adding people to their population on a daily basis, most of these people come from either the rural hinterland in the form of unskilled daily wagers or from these very small towns and cities partly due to the lure of a better life and largely because of lack of job opportunities in their own backyard.
 Luckily from now on they can hope to get employment in their own city. This will help the metros in controlling the population explosion which they are witnessing at the moment and concentrate on building the kind of infrastructure which can truly make them livable and perhaps world class.


On a macro level, this new development also answers the criticism of in equal nature of Indian growth story. Whether you term it as the result of trickle down nature of capitalism or due to the saturation of metro cities, this new development will surely shift the focus away from Delhi and Mumbai for a while and give future entrepreneurs added hope and incentive to invest in the so called other India i.e. Bharat
.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Tier-II-III-cities-power-nations-growth/articleshow/6615628.cms

WHY BLAME THE BUTCHER ?..17 kashmiri protesters got killed or got sacrificed

I am surprised at the level of ignorance of our kashmiri friends, who have been behaving like loose canons and dancing like puppets of the tune of anyone who wants or pretends to be their leader. These leaders, ultimately make a fool out of them by giving them false rays of hope which in many cases have been proved to be the headlight of an incoming super fast train, about to run them over.

In the latest case, gathered kashmiri people were shown fake pics of the burning of Koran in United States by some hardliner leader or his protégé, and all of a sudden people started thinking as if the whole Islam is under fire, willingly agreeing the dictates of the instigator. 


The result - burning down of a catholic school and the building of social welfare department,  and the mayhem which followed took the life of 17 young bloods. After seeing these things happening again and again, I am feeling compelled to ask few questions from anyone who feels or has any interest in Islam or its teachings.

1 What is the authenticity of this news and why Islamic people always believe in words of mouth facts?

2. Even If it was true, does that give anyone the freedom to burn other people’s religious places, as those whose buildings got burnt wouldn't have been responsible directly or indirectly for this act.

3. Why they always pretend that they are the only ones who have true religion and behave too touchy for it. All religious symbols and places have been attacked by mischief, time and again, but nowhere one will find the kind of irrational, barbarian and stupid way of reaction that can be seen when an Islamic symbol gets attacked.

4. Isn't it a fact  that Muslims not in entirety, but mostly are insecure about their religion and to get rid of this insecurity end up doing more damage to it, which no other religion could possibly think of.........

and at last I condole the killings of 17 people yesterday in the firing, but
for this time at least, please don’t blame the forces, because the bullet doesn’t kill anyone nor does the person who fires it wearing the uniform, it’s the cunning leaders who prepare situation for the events like these so that they can sacrifice the ignorant at the alter of their greed. For people like these the cost of human life is equivalent to that of a sacrificial lamb. So why blame the Butcher?

http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?231540

“Raise my salary”—D.SUBBARAO

RBI governor D.Subbarao, in a recent function raised an issue which is quiet relevant and in fact has been simmering for a while now i.e salary structure of psu banks and other companies. It's been widely felt across the board that the compensation of public sector bank’s employees is not quiet in sync with their actual competence, otherwise how can you justify the fact that India’s or perhaps south Asia’s biggest bank’s managing director O.P Bhatt takes home an annual pay package of 25 lakh which is perhaps equal to what a new entrant in an mnc or private sector bank gets.


This anomaly is not a “one way traffic” , at the entry level there are people in the PSU banks who get quiet attractive salary as compared to some of the private bank’s employees. Take the example of a peon in a public bank who gets at least 15k, plus other benefits and the fact that he is totally unaccountable and has his future secured because of pension does cause inequality in the society.

Having a skewed salary structure at a time when money is increasingly becoming the most important factor to judge one’s social standing in the society will add fuel to the already burning fire of inequality in our society. Time has come for the government to decide to do away with all the state patronages and controlling of the society through doles and subsidies and instead make level playing fields for every one where all gets their due share according to their competence and hard work and not because of extraneous factors.

All I am saying is the 10 yearly review of salary structure by the pay commission, is an out dated concept, where every month brings in a new reality P.S.U banks I am afraid have caught up in a time warp and loosing talented individuals to the more efficient private sector banks, this is a sad news for a country like India where the social responsibilities of these banks are much desired.

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/rbi-guv-bats-higher-pay-psu-executives-872

ROTTING OR BEING LET TO ROT

Malnutrition is one of the most important problems of our country. In the 21st century when most of the government and other intellectuals are claiming to make India the next superpower of the world , the news of 25 lakh tonnes of food grains rotting in open fields of Punjab and Haryana is disappointing to say the least. Amidst the news of the last ditch attempt by the government to save their faces from the inability to put stadiums to use and the allegations of unprecedented levels of corruption in the common wealth games, this news does explain the  "priorities of our government".

The fact that this situation was in the making since last year due to the bumper crop, explains the preparation of our government. But it doesn’t mean I will join the chorus of condemnation and hail  the Supreme Court’s dictate to the government to distribute this grain for free among the 37% people of country, who are living below the poverty line. Doing this would at best add to one more token gesture, like the numerous ones we had had and take the focus away from the real problems of food procurement, storage and distribution. More than that, the example of judiciary substituting the job of the legislature and the executive would set an unhealthy precedent in the otherwise excellent relations between the three pillars of power.

There is an institutional problem of food procurement and distribution in our country and the nodal food procurement agency i.e. FCI (food corporation of India) is corrupt and inefficient from top down.

The inadequate number of cold storages to store food grains for longer period of time and not allowing 100% FDI in the agro sector are some of the major problems which are hampering the growth of farm sector of our country, which incidentally employs 52% population of the country. So we should address them first instead of making the poor happy by giving RS 2 per kg wheat to them which is not even fit for the cattles to eat.

Is this the solution for the twin problems of income inequality and overcrowding of Indian cities?...MAY BE

http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2010statements/2797/

Chicken or Egg (classroom argument which remained inconclusive. which is inconclusive)

India is not called as the country or the subcontinent of conflicting realities for nothing, here if we can find something  true, another exactly opposite thing can be found  completely true as well.

If we take the development vs. the tribal’s or nature argument, which is currently hogging the limelight in the press, thanks to the proposed Vedanta’s bauxite mine plants being cancelled by the supreme court , then we will find equal number of people supporting both the issues.

I happened to get myself submerged into one of these debates where people from both the sides were putting equally sound and logical arguments and misgivings in support of their position, but I find myself sitting on the fence and hiding my face inconclusively as I find one either has to be a big fool to say that he doesn’t want these digging up of natural resources at the cost of uprooting the way of life of the tribal’s , or an arrogant capitalists who believes in “success at any cost” .

The very means of communications or transport which we are using, the freedom and liberty which we are enjoying and the quick metamorphosis of our metros into the newyorks and pariss of the western world come at the very cost which most of us are pretending to be close to our heart . But to turn the whole earth into an urban jungle would also be a nightmare to say the least.

The line seems to be very fine between the sustainable development and the development that we are seeing in our country today, but in reality is very deep and fast making the two inseparables. Its very easy and fashionable to talk about tribal welfare and protecting mother nature from the predatory tendencies of development but to put the words into practice is very difficult and most of the time quiet not possible. It is one of those chicken or egg arguments which have no end.

I think if we really want to do something serious about protecting our nature, than we must start from the top and not vice versa. As masses more than what is right ,follow what the classes make them think or allow them do what is right and frame strict guidelines and penalties for it.

1 Strict Fuel emissions 2. limit in the Number of vehicles one can hold. 3. Declaring forest areas out of bound for mnc’s use 4. Give forest rights to the tribals so that they can live and protect their way of life with dignity 5. And not to be so obsessed about what and how china is doing or making its country prosperous.

all those above listed points barring 2 and5 are cliched as they have been incorporated in the guidebooks already,but the problem is of implementing them and thats a whole new debate, the same chicken or egg story,so my argument has proved itself right, it is just incoclusive..

POWER EQUATIONS IN SOUTH ASIA AND THE KASHMIR RESOLUTION

I am not saying this as an Indian, but as an independent observer. Pakistan by dishing out the argument of one religion i.e. Islam for all Muslims has been trying to confuse the kashmiris to think that they will be better off with an Islamic country like Pakistan. But in Pakistan itself the notion of Islam is not linear, their society itself is divided into shia ,Sunni Primarily, then mohajjirs, ahmadiyas etc and most imp thing is they are intolerant towards each other.

The majority Punjabi Muslims always look down upon on other Muslims. In contrast to that, the Indian model of governance gives ample freedom and hopes to live and practice your own religion, here the government doesn't interfere in the religious matters, barring some events like Gujarat, Ayodhya and Delhi’s 1984 Sikh’s massacre, rarely India has seen any turbulence when it comes to religious intolerance. On the contrary we hear communal clashes in Karachi on a weekly basis.

The population of 18 crore Muslims living in peace and prosperity is an example of the inherently tolerant nature of Indian democracy. Muslim population is a bit lagging in terms of socio, economic development in comparison to the average Indian population but that is more to do with the kind or lack of representatives they have got.

As far as independence of Kashmir is concerned, that has many forms being discussed about by many stakeholders of Kashmir at different times, but the notion of total independence would be totally opposed to India. As it would be a direct assault to the very meaning of the Indian nation state. accordingly the government of India has been following a policy of status quo i.e. situation as it is, as it has been earlier and even in future I don't see any reason of change.  With the growing power and influence of India in the world forum, India would certainly make its case heavier and hence become more assertive.

Primary challengers of India’s policy of Kashmir are
1. China
2. Pakistan
3. some European countries.
 4 Arab countries
5. or America.
China being itself entangled in the fight for Tibet and Xinxiang would never say anything explicitly against India, Arab countries’ support has always been restricted to human rights violation, America is in love with India. And this left to only some peace loving European nations and Pakistan.
Pakistan's whole birth is anti India, so we can't expect anything else from it and European courtiers are too feeble and insignificant to make any major impact.

This essay is primarily an objective description of my understanding of the power relations in the world and Kashmir resolution, if any Kashmiri is fed up with this constant fight for the search of their own identity, then they can themselves analyze
http://networkedblogs.com/5M1vC

http://www.facebook.com/#!/JammuKashmir?v=wall&story_fbid=407321138557

WAS GANDHI THE GREATEST LEADER OF THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT ?

Although, perhaps the love of Bhagat singh and Chandrasekhar for their country was equally strong and deep, but i am afraid, i don't quiet agree with the argument that Gandhi was not the greatest leader of our country during the freedom struggle. The  reason being , during the freedom movement, the methods employed by the young revolutionaries and leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar to free our country were primarily derived from the just happened successful revolution in Russia. Whereas, being a totally different country and society India needed a different kind of revolution, with a more humane face, as the oppressors i.e. British, themselves were not total savage or brutal to deal with. Hence, the methods had to be such which could beat them logically rather than through the sheer force, as they were superior to us in the later.

Methods adopted by Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar ultimately proved to be deficient in having any significant impact on the British raj, but the unique methods of non violent protest and civil disobedience applied by Gandhi to compel the colonial masters to leave, clicked, as he played according to the rule and adopted a hitherto unheard method of non violent protest.

This speaks the genius of his mind, and the fact that he always practiced what he preached does raise his stature to an all time mass leader of the world along side Marx and Plato. Therefore, he is rightly considered to be the greatest champion of peace and democracy not only in India but around the world. Having said that, Bhagat, Chandrasekhar and other comrades were also great revolutionaries. But they chose an approach which probably was outdated, or simply couldn't be effective in that context.

http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/IndiaArmyFans?v=wall&story_fbid=130294450349264

SOCIOSPHERE

I will write on topics and issues which have relevance and resonance in the society at large. They don’t necessarily have to be about Indian society per se, but definitely should have a certain amount of relevance for Indian society and the people. topics which affect us collectively and individually should be incorporated in this blog.